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Proinsulin

A pancreatic polypeptide of about 110 amino acids, depending on the species, that is the precursor of insulin. Proinsulin, produced by the PANCREATIC BETA CELLS, is comprised sequentially of the N-terminal B-chain, the proteolytically removable connecting C-peptide, and the C-terminal A-chain. It also contains three disulfide bonds, two between A-chain and B-chain. After cleavage at two locations, insulin and C-peptide are the secreted products. Intact proinsulin with low bioactivity also is secreted in small amounts.

300+ PubMed studies analyzed · 4 RCTs · Evidence Score: 50.1

Research Domains

Proinsulin has been studied across 16 research domains including 🧬 Hormones, 🔥 Metabolic, 🔬 Oncology, 🛡️ Immunity, 🧘 Stress & Anxiety. The primary research focus is 🧬 Hormones with 99% of studies addressing this area.

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This evidence profile for Proinsulin is generated deterministically from 300 PubMed-indexed studies. All data is corpus-verified with Merkle proofs. BiohacksAI does not provide medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen.

Data source: PubMed/MEDLINE (NLM). Corpus version: current. Patent pending (EVE-PAT-2026-001). © 2026 Organiq Sweden AB.